"Early Mormonisms Expansive Family and the Browett Women
The Mormons | Timeline
Timeline: The Early History of the Mormons
In the Beginning
According to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-24-hour interval Saints (LDS), the Garden of Eden in which God placed Adam and Eve is located in Jackson Canton, Missouri, virtually the town of Independence.
Circa 600 B.C.
According to Mormon belief, an Israelite named Lehi journeys with his family unit from the Centre East to the Americas. Lehi's descendants divide into two tribes, the Nephites and the Lamanites, named after ii of Lehi's sons. The Nephites, initially more than prosperous and religious, become corrupt over time and are locked into centuries of warfare with the nomadic Lamanites, whom Mormons consider the ancestors of Native Americans.
33 A.D.
Subsequently his crucifixion and resurrection, Jesus Christ appears in the Americas and preaches to the Nephites. Christ'southward appearance inaugurates a period of harmony with the Lamanites that lasts 200 years, but eventually the tribes fall into disharmonize again.
385 A.D.
A Nephite prophet named Mormon has been writing the story of his people. On the eve of a climatic battle with the Lamanites, Mormon turns over the core of what volition get known as the Volume of Mormon, transcribed on aureate plates, to his son Moroni. Mormon is mortally wounded in the battle at a place called Cumorah, and the Nephites are nearly obliterated, but Moroni survives another 36 years and adds material to the Book of Mormon before sealing up the plates in 421.
1801
June 1: Brigham Immature is built-in in the boondocks of Whitingham to a family unit of Vermont farmers.
1805
Dec 23: Joseph Smith, Junior is born in Sharon, Vermont, 5th child of Lucy and Joseph Smith, a hard-luck farmer whose family moves oft equally his concern ventures fail. Joseph, Sr. and his sons spend office of the warm weather months treasure hunting using diverse divination tools, including seer stones that, when viewed at the lesser of a chapeau, are said to convey special sight.
1811
The Smith family unit moves to Lebanon, New Hampshire, where their fiscal situation improves and the children are able to brainstorm schoolhouse.
1812
A local typhoid epidemic kills 6,000 and infects the Smith children. Although none die, young Joseph develops a leg infection that doctors initially remember volition require amputation. A novel type of surgery saves the male child's limb, but he must utilise crutches for the next three years and will walk with a limp thereafter.
1816
Following a third direct year of crop failure, the Smith family unit moves to Palmyra, New York, a town of 4,000 situated well-nigh the planned route of the Erie Canal. Palmyra lies within an area known as the "Burned-over District" for the evangelical fervor of its residents.
1817
Young leaves his family, who have settled in New York, and sets out on his own as a carpenter and handyman.
1820
Joseph Smith, now 14, has become increasingly troubled by denominational differences among local Christians, but remains unsure which church is the right 1 to follow. I leap forenoon, he goes into the woods and witnesses a pillar of light descending from heaven, followed by an paradigm of God and Jesus Christ (who are perceived by Joseph equally dissever "personages") forgiving his sins and warning Smith that all denominations have strayed from the truth and he should not join any of them. This event, known to Mormons as the First Vision, does not dramatically change Smith'due south life. He continues to work the farm and treasure hunt with his father, and when he mentions the vision to a local minister, he is scorned. Smith volition not give his followers a detailed description of this vision until 1839.
1823
September 21: Fearing that he has fallen off the right path, Smith prays forgiveness for all his "sins and follies" and receives a vision of the affections named Moroni, who speaks of a volume written on gold plates and buried in a nearby hillside. Co-ordinate to Moroni, the book describes the people who used to inhabit America and contains "the fullness of the everlasting Gospel."
September 22: Guided by his vision, Smith locates the book in a box in the Hill Cumorah, just iii miles from the Smith farm, just is told by Moroni that he cannot take the golden plates yet; instead he must return on September 22 for each of the next iv years and be instructed on the mission God has in store for him. When Smith attempts to bear on the box anyway, he receives a shock and is thrown to the ground.
Nov xix: Joseph Smith'south eldest brother Alvin dies, putting greater financial strain on the family.
1825
October: Smith and his father bring together a treasure hunting expedition 135 miles abroad in Harmony, Pennsylvania. No treasure is institute, only Smith meets and falls in dear with 21-year-old Emma Hale while boarding at her male parent's business firm.
1826
March: A criminal complaint is sworn out against Smith for fraudulent use of seer stones. He admits to using them in the by but says he has now given up the practice.
1827
January xviii: Joseph Smith and Emma Unhurt ally confronting her male parent'southward wishes.
September 22: Now that iv years take passed, Smith successfully digs up the gold plates. Warned by Moroni not to let anyone else run across them, he does show his mother an unusual pair of spectacles with precious stones where the eyepieces would unremarkably exist. These stones are to help Smith translate the volume from the "reformed Egyptian" in which it is written. But rumors of a golden Bible have begun to circulate in the neighborhood, so Joseph and Emma Smith must flee potential thieves. Financially assisted past a local farmer named Martin Harris, the couple sets out for Harmony, hiding the gold plates in a butt of beans.
December: Emma'south male parent allows the couple to stay in a modest house on his property, and Joseph begins the chore of translating the writing of the gold book, using his interpretation device and dictating the results to Emma.
1828
April: Harris, who has followed Joseph Smith to Harmony, takes up work on the book, writing down Smith's dictation. Over the adjacent two months, they produce 116 pages of text, but then Harris takes it dorsum to Palmyra to prove his doubting wife and loses the just re-create.
June fifteen: Emma gives birth to a child, Alvin, who dies that same day (only 5 of the couple'due south 11 children volition alive beyond infancy). When weeks pass with no word from Harris, Joseph heads dorsum to Palmyra and discovers the loss. Begging for forgiveness, he is visited by an affections who takes the aureate plates for a fourth dimension as penalty for Smith's indiscretion.
September 22: Smith gets the gilded plates and interpretation device back.
1829
April five: Young schoolteacher Oliver Cowdery arrives in Harmony and becomes a scribe for Smith equally he resumes the translation of the golden plates. The ii men terminate work in June.
May fifteen: In the midst of their translation, Cowdery and Smith accept to the woods to pray and are visited by John the Baptist, who confers the Aaronic priesthood upon them. This is a critically important upshot in the history of the church since it precedes the restoration of the church building. John the Baptist too tells the ii young men that the Melchizedek Priesthood volition likewise exist restored and that when it is restored, it will requite them power to "lay on hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost." Then, in anticipation of the organization of the "Church of Christ," John the Baptist announces that Smith volition be "the first Elder of the Church" and Cowdery the second. The two men then baptize each other in the Susquehanna River.
June: Smith, who has completed the translation at Peter Whitmer'south farm in Fayette, New York, receives a copyright forThe Volume of Mormon. Eleven witnesses will later sign statements that they have seen the gold plates from whichThe Book of Mormon was translated; iii of them, including Harris and Cowdery, further assert that they saw an angel bearing the plates.
August: Smith locates a publisher for theBook of Mormon in Palmyra and typesetting begins. The v,000 copy initial impress run is financed by a $3,000 mortgage on Harris' subcontract.
1830
March 26:The Book of Mormon is published, each copy selling for $1.25. Young, a practicing Methodist who has moved to the area virtually Palmyra with his wife, reads theBook shortly later publication and will exist baptized as a Mormon two years subsequently.
April 6: The outset arrangement meeting of the LDS is held at the Whitmer farm with about 50 people in attendance. Smith and Cowdery are ordained "elders," and Smith volition too become known as "prophet." The start four Mormon missionaries (including Cowdery) caput west that Oct.
June: Smith is arrested and charged with "being a disorderly person" for his preaching, but is acquitted.
Oct: The missionaries takingThe Book of Mormon'southward message to the Indians in Ohio and Missouri have stopped in Kirtland, Ohio. A Baptist government minister named Sidney Rigdon decides to bring together the LDS and bring his 100-fellow member congregation with him. Before long afterwards, a vision instructs Smith to motion the nascent Mormon community westward to Kirtland. Other missionaries proceed to Missouri and settle in Independence.
1831
February: Joseph and Emma Smith reach Kirtland; other church building members will join them in the spring. For the next 6 years, Smith will exist based there and will announce some 65 revelations, nigh pertaining to church construction and arrangement.
The concept of the gathering is put in identify during this year.
June: Later on missionaries attain Missouri and settle in Independence, Smith leads a group of Mormons from Kirtland w to Independence, which, according to the story, God has revealed volition be the gathering identify for Mormons and the site of a "New Jerusalem." In August they lay the cornerstone for a temple; within a twelvemonth, more than 800 more than church members have moved to the area. Yet Smith decides to keep his headquarters in Kirtland.
Joseph Smith begins work on an inspired translation of theBible.
1832
Smith and 2 counselors form the First Presidency of the Latter-solar day Saints, with dominance over all church matters.
March 24: A mob resentful of growing Mormon influence tars and feathers Smith in front end of his Kirtland house.
1833
Piece of work begins on a grand Mormon Temple in Kirtland. It will accept three years to complete and measure 55 by 65 anxiety, soaring 110 feet high.
The first collection of Smith's revelations is prepared for publication asThe Book of Commandments.
Summer: The Missouri Mormons begin to suffer violence at the hands of other locals; their press press (on whichThe Volume of Commandments is beingness printed) is destroyed in July. Mob violence will drive the Mormons out of Jackson County and across the Missouri River to Clay County in November. The pages ofThe Book of Commandments are rescued from the muddy streets and bound, creating the offset published drove of Smith's revelations.
September: Brigham Immature, now a widower, arrives with his two immature children in Kirtland.
1835
One hundred thirty eight of Smith's revelations are published in a book calledDoctrine and Covenants. Included among these are the sixty-five revelations published inThe Volume of Commandments, plus seven "Lectures on Religion" prepared past Joseph Smith, which are not described every bit revelations.
1836
The Missouri Mormons are forced to exit Clay County for the more remote Caldwell and Daviess Counties in the northern part of the land.
March 27: One thousand worshippers begin a week of temple dedication ceremonies in Kirtland. Witnesses study rushing winds, a pillar of fire, and the presence of angels. During the dedication, a critical visionary feel occurs in which the prophet and Oliver Cowdery, who have retired behind a veil that separates an elevated pulpit from the rest of the temple, run into a personage they believe is Jesus, accepting the temple as a identify where he will manifest himself to his people. In addition, they come across the Erstwhile Testament prophets Moses, Elijah, and Elias, who commit into LDS hands the keys of the gathering of Israel and the new dispensation of the fullness of times.
November: Smith forms the Kirtland Prophylactic Society Bank, simply a national economic panic begins in March 1837 and soon leads to his bank'southward collapse. Accusations of both financial and sexual impropriety arise.
1837
Mormons begin evangelizing in England.
1838
January 12: Smith escapes Kirtland and heads for Missouri, arriving there with his family in March. Many of the Ohio Mormons follow, and soon in that location are thousands of church members in the settlement of Far West in Caldwell Canton. Smith makes plans for a new temple and excommunicates old friends and current adversaries including Cowdery, who has turned against him, accusing him of infidelity. Simply peace with neighboring non-Mormons proves elusive.
July 4: While giving a patriotic oration, Rigdon promises that Mormons will defend themselves and warns of a "war of extermination" with hostile neighbors.
August 6: Not-Mormons endeavour to foreclose church building members from voting, leading to a bloody melee. In the charged backwash of the violence, Missouri Governor Lilburn Boggs orders all Mormons to either be driven from the state or wiped out.
October 30: Stirred up by the governor's decree, an anti-Mormon mob massacres church members at Haun's Manufacturing plant, killing 17, including unarmed children. Opposition to the Mormons rages. Smith is arrested, charged with treason, and sentenced to death, his life merely spared when the officer ordered to carry out the execution refuses. Smith instead will spend the next v months in jail.
1839
Led past Brigham Young, the Missouri Mormons reach safe in Illinois, where they are welcomed by a sympathetic populace.
April: While existence moved from one trial location to some other, Smith is permitted to escape and makes his manner to Illinois. At that place he buys land for a new settlement named Nauvoo on the banks of the Mississippi River, well-nigh 200 miles from St. Louis.
November 29: Smith travels to Washington to meet President Martin Van Buren. He demands compensation for the Mormon losses in Missouri. Van Buren expresses sympathy but says he "tin can practice naught."
1840
December: The Mormons receive a metropolis lease establishing expansive dwelling house rule and a local militia. Later the beginning mayor is excommunicated, Smith becomes both mayor and military leader. Nauvoo speedily grows and within four years is nearly the size of Chicago, the population bolstered by an influx of Mormon converts from Europe.
1843
July 12: Smith announces revelations about two new practices. Outset, the expressionless can be baptized. [This practice is disclosed as a part of three different revelations.] Second, polygamy, or plural matrimony, is not simply permissible merely in certain cases required. The second pronouncement, in particular, causes not bad division amid Mormons, with Brigham Young stating he would rather dice and Joseph Smith'south married woman Emma expressing opposition even though the revelation (now Section 132 in the LDSDoctrine and Covenants) expressly directs Emma Smith to accept plural marriage.) And although the doctrine volition not exist publicly announced for about a decade, rumors quickly spread, increasing anti-Mormon feeling. Joseph Smith will eventually have more than 25 wives, while Young will come to comprehend the doctrine, have 20 wives, and father 57 children.
1844
Smith declares that he will run for president of the United States, announces in a sermon that those who obey God's commands can get gods themselves, and orders the destruction of an opposition newspaper, theNauvoo Expositor. The ensuing outcry leads to criminal charges, and after starting to abscond, Smith changes his listen and surrenders to state authorities.
June 27: While in jail, Joseph Smith and his blood brother Hyrum are shot and killed by members of a mob. No ane volition ever exist convicted of the crime.
A struggle for the leadership of the Mormon motion follows, in which the Saints are divided over whether to follow (a) the Council of the Twelve; (b) the surviving members of the Smith family; (c) the remaining members of the Get-go Presidency; or (d) a variety of other potential leaders such as James J. Strang or Lyman Wight. During these two years many of the Mormons who had settled in Nauvoo leave the area, merely most remain.
1846
Feb four: Facing further harassment, thousands of the Mormons, but not all, leave Nauvoo on a great march w. Some of them follow James J. Strang and settle in Michigan; others follow Rigdon to the e, while others settle in other parts of the Midwest. Brigham Young, who is head of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, a church building leadership body, directs the exodus. Their winter divergence causes great hardship, but in four months the Mormons will travel more than 300 miles to temporary quarters along the Missouri River where it divides Iowa and Nebraska. At that place they will wait out the wintertime of 1846-47 before commencement their due west trek again.
April 25: Mexican troops fire on American soldiers who have been provocatively placed past President James Polk in a disputed part of Texas. The U.S. declares state of war on United mexican states in May, and a Mormon Battalion of some 500 soldiers enlists, although they see no action.
April 30: The Nauvoo Temple is completed and dedicated. During the days and nights of the following x months, bully numbers of Latter-day Saints become through the temple to receive their "Endowments" and a substantial number of polygamous marriages are solemnized in its sealing rooms.
1847
April: The Mormon pioneer visitor led by Young leave their winter quarters in western Iowa and head west. Immature has been plagued past cocky-dubiousness, only a February vision of Smith renews his confidence.
July 24: A Mormon accelerate party including Young reaches the valley of the Great Table salt Lake, and Brigham, who will be made church president later in the year, confirms that this is where the Mormons will settle, beyond the boundaries of the United States. His followers promptly mark off an acre that will be reserved for a temple and and so begin laying out city streets and setting upwards irrigation systems.
September: American soldiers led past General Winfield Scott capture Mexico City and finish the war.
1848
February: In California, Mormons working for John Sutter, whose sawmill on the American River is the site of the start of the Gold Blitz, brand a large gold find at what becomes known equally Mormon Isle.
March x: Congress approves the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which cedes much of Mexico's western territory, including Utah, to the The states.
Beginning in 1848, thousands of Mormons make the trek from Winter Quarters to the Groovy Salt Lake Valley. In the first months they suffer terribly, but they begin to create a "kingdom in the tops of the mountains." Young sends groups of Mormons to settle in various parts of the intermountain west.
1849
A provisional State of Deseret is organized, but it is non canonical by the U.S. Congress. Instead, as a part of the Compromise of 1850, Deseret is renamed Utah and made a U.Due south. territory.
1850
Brigham Young is appointed governor of the Utah territory.
1852
The doctrine of polygamy is made public outside the church building, leading to widespread condemnation. Some 20,000 Mormons now live in the Common salt Lake area.
1853
April half-dozen: The Mormons who rejected the leadership of Brigham Young and never accepted the idea that polygamy was revealed doctrine hold a conference in Wisconsin to found the Reorganized Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter Mean solar day Saints. This arrangement brings together many of the Saints who believe that the church should be led by members of the Smith family.
1855
Mormon missionaries constitute a settlement in what will go Las Vegas. Settlements are as well established in San Bernardino, California and in the Wind River area of Wyoming.
1857
President James Buchanan, reacting to reports that Immature is ruling Utah equally a personal theocracy, declares the territory in rebellion and sends 2,500 soldiers west from Kansas. While offering no armed resistance, the Mormons harass the war machine's supply trains.
September: Mormon militia led by John Lee and interim in tandem with a group of Native Americans attack a wagon train of settlers from Arkansas, slaughtering 120 men, women, and children in what becomes known every bit the Mount Meadows massacre. Only 17 children under the age of eight are spared. Immature's possible role in authorizing the atrocity will exist hotly debated over the years, but the evidence suggests that at the very to the lowest degree, he covered up the truth of the crimes committed.
1858
Later a new governor is allowed to accept control in Utah and federal troops march unopposed through Salt Lake Urban center, Buchanan declares the "Mormon War" over and bug a blanket amnesty. But the continuing practice of plural wedlock will forestall Utah's admission to the Union as a state for the side by side four decades.
1860
Joseph Smith Three, the Mormon prophet'south eldest son, becomes the president of the Reorganized Church. Its headquarters are established in Independence, Missouri.
1862
The Morrill Anti-Bigamy Human activity criminalizes plural marriage in U.Southward. territories, but President Abraham Lincoln declines to enforce it.
1866
The LDS Church (headquartered in Salt Lake Urban center) has almost lx,000 members.
1868
Mormon laborers assistance with the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.
1871
Anti-polygamy activeness increases, and Young is charged, though not convicted, with that offense.
1875
John D. Lee becomes the but individual brought to trial for the Mountain Meadows massacre, simply the proceeding ends with a hung jury.
1876
Lee is re-tried and convicted of murder.
1877
March 23: Lee is executed at Mountain Meadows.
August 29: Brigham Young dies. 50 g people attend the viewing.
1878
The Church of the Latter-twenty-four hour period Saints has 109,894 members.
1879
The Supreme Court upholds the Morrill Act.
1882
The Edmunds Act declares polygamy a felony and disenfranchises all who practice it. Past 1893 more a k Mormons take been convicted of "unlawful cohabitation."
1887
The Edmunds-Tucker Deed disincorporates the Mormon Church building and gives the federal authorities all church property to a higher place $l,000. The Supreme Court will after uphold this law.
1890
In the Manifesto, church building president Wilford Woodruff renounces polygamy on behalf of the LDS, although this act is never described every bit a revelation.
1894
The Church of the Latter-day Saints has 201,047 members.
1896
January four: Utah is granted statehood.
More Contempo History
1904
The church threatens polygamists with excommunication and subsequently cooperates with federal regime in prosecuting them.
1953
The LDS Church has more than a million members.
A federal raid on the Brusque Creek polygamist community creates mass sympathy for the practitioners of plural marriage, and the LDS Church stops cooperating with these prosecutions.
2001
The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints changes its name to the Community of Christ.
2007
Today there are nigh xiii million members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints worldwide, with more church members living exterior than within the United states. The Community of Christ has more than 150,000 members and in that location are several schismatic groups who continue to phone call themselves Reorganized Latter Day Saints who probably have another 100,000 members. In improver, a variety of Mormon Fundamentalist groups continue to practice polygamy. The estimated number of fundamentalists is somewhere betwixt 30,000 and 60,000.
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Source: https://www.pbs.org/mormons/timeline/
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